he, him, his, himself
he -> subject
He watched a movie yesterday.
= Dia menonton film kemarin.
Catatan:
Him TIDAK bisa digunakan sebagai subject kalimat.
✅ He watched a movie yesterday.
❌ Him watched a movie yesterday.
him -> object
We invited him to the seminar.
= Kami mengundang dia ke seminar.
Catatan:
He TIDAK bisa digunakan sebagai object kalimat
✅ We invited him to the seminar.
❌ We invited he to the seminar.
his + noun
This is his house.
= Ini rumahnya.
= Ini rumah miliknya.
His father is a teacher.
= Ayahnya seorang guru.
Catatan:
- His bisa digunakan dengan noun/noun phrase sebagai possessive determiner.
- Sebagai possessive determiner, his TIDAK bisa berdiri sendiri.
✅ His father is a teacher.
❌ His is a teacher.
- Jika berdiri sendiri, his hanya bisa digunakan sebagai possessive pronoun (rumus di bawah).
his -> subject
This is not his car. His is over there.
= This is not his car. His car is over there.
= Ini bukan mobilnya. Mobilnya ada di sana.
Kita bisa gunakan his karena car sudah disebutkan di kalimat sebelumnya.
Kita gunakan ini supaya tidak usah mengulang-ulang car di kalimat berikutnya.
Catatan:
- His berdiri sendiri sebagai subject (possessive pronoun).
- Jika digunakan dengan noun/noun phrase, his berfungsi sebagai possessive determiner.
This is not his car. His is over there.
→ His sebagai possessive pronoun.
This is not his car. His car is over there.
→ His sebagai possessive determiner.
his -> object
Our house is similar to his.
= Our house is similar to his house.
Rumah kami mirip dengan rumahnya.
Kita bisa gunakan his karena house sudah disebutkan di kalimat sebelumnya.
Kita gunakan ini supaya tidak usah mengulang-ulang house di kalimat berikutnya.
Catatan:
- His berdiri sendiri sebagai object (possessive pronoun).
- Jika digunakan dengan noun/noun phrase, his berfungsi sebagai possessive determiner.
Our house is similar to his house.
→ His sebagai possessive determiner.
Our house is similar to his.
→ His sebagai possessive pronoun.
Our house is similar to his house.
→ Secara gramatikal tidak salah, tapi kurang ringkas karena ada pengulangan kata house.
himself
1. Reflexive (subjek melakukan sesuatu pada dirinya sendiri)
Digunakan ketika subjek dan objek adalah orang yang sama.
He hurt himself while playing football.
= Dia melukai dirinya sendiri saat bermain sepak bola.
He introduced himself to the new students.
= Dia memperkenalkan dirinya sendiri ke para murid baru.
2. Emphasis / Penekanan
Dipakai untuk menekankan bahwa dia sendiri yang melakukan sesuatu, bukan orang lain.
The president himself attended the meeting.
= Presiden sendiri yang hadir di rapat. (=bukan orang lain)
He fixed the car himself.
= Dia sendiri yang memperbaiki mobil itu. (=bukan orang lain)
3. Untuk menunjukkan “sendirian” atau “tanpa bantuan”
Maknanya dekat dengan alone atau without help.
He lives by himself.
= Dia tinggal sendirian. (=tidak bersama orang lain)
He managed to solve the problem all by himself.
= Dia berhasil menyelesaikan masalah itu sendirian. (= tanpa bantuan orang lain)