Another critical factor that plays a part in susceptibility to colds is age.
(Satu faktor penting lainnya yang berperan dalam kerentanan terhadap selesma adalah usia.)
A study done by the University of Michigan School of Public Health revealed particulars that seem to hold true for the general population.
(Sebuah penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat University of Michigan menunjukkan fakta yang sepertinya berlaku bagi kalangan umum.)
Infants are the most cold-ridden group, averaging more than six colds in their first year.
(Bayi adalah kelompok yang peling sering terkena selesma, dengan rata-rata lebih dari enam kali selesma di usia pertama mereka.)
Boys have more colds than girls up to age three.
(Anak laki-laki lebih sering menderita selesma dibandingkan dengan anak perempuan hingga usia tiga tahun.)
After the age of three, girls are more susceptible than boys, and teenage girls average three colds a year to boys’ two.
(Setelah usia tiga tahun, anak perempuan lebih rentan dibandingkan anak laki-laki, dan remaja putri rata-rata menderita selesma tiga kali dalam satu tahun dibandingkan dua kali untuk remaja putra.)
The general incidence of colds continues to decline into maturity.
(Terjadinya selesma secara umum terus menurun seiring meningkatnya usia.)
Elderly people who are in good health have as few as one or two colds annually.
(Lansia yang dalam keadaan sehat hanya menderita satu atau dua kali selesma setiap tahun.)
One exception is found among people in their twenties, especially women, who show a rise in cold infections, because people in this age group are most likely to have young children.
(Satu perkecualian ditemukan di antara orang-orang di usia dua-puluh tahun-an, terutama wanita, yang menunjukkan peningkatan infeksi selesma karena orang-orang dalam kelompok usia ini mempunyai kemungkinan tinggi memiliki anak kecil.)
Adults who delay having children until their thirties and forties experience the same sudden increase in cold infections.
(Orang dewasa yang menunda memiliki anak hingga usia tiga-puluhan dan empat-puluhan mengalami peningkatan infeksi selesma yang sama.)
The study also found that economics plays an important role.
(Penelitian tersebut juga menemukan bahwa faktor ekonomi juga memainkan peran penting.)
As income increases, the frequency at which colds are reported in the family decreases.
(Ketika pendapatan meningkat, frekuensi di mana selesma terjadi dalam keluarga menurun.)
Families with the lowest income suffer about a third more colds than families at the upper end.(Keluarga dengan pendapatan paling rendah menderita selesma sepertiga lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan keluarga di kalangan atas.)
Lower income generally forces people to live in more cramped quarters than those typically occupied by wealthier people, and crowding increases the opportunities for the cold virus to travel from person to person.
(Pendapatan yang lebih rendah umumnya memaksa orang-orang untuk tinggal di tempat yang lebih berdesak-desakan dibandingkan dengan yang biasanya ditinggali orang-orang yang lebih berkecukupan, dan keadaan berdesak-desakan meningkatkan kemungkinan virus selesma berpindah dari satu orang ke orang lain.)
Low income may also adversely influence diet.
(Pendapatan rendah juga sangat mempengaruhi asupan makanan.)
The degree to which poor nutrition affects susceptibility to colds is not yet clearly established, but an inadequate diet is suspected of lowering resistance generally.
(Seberapa jauh nutrisi buruk mempengaruhi kerentanan terhadap selesma belum diketahui dengan jelas, tapi asupan yang tidak cukup ditengarai menyebabkan menurunnya ketahanan secara umum.)
1. The paragraph that precedes this passage most probably deals with
(A) minor diseases other than colds
(B) the recommended treatment of colds
(C) a factor that affects susceptibility to colds
(D) methods of preventing colds among elderly people
Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
precede = mendahului
Line (1) Another critical factor that plays a part in susceptibility to colds is age.
Karena di kalimat pertama dari bacaan terdapat kata ‘another’, maka besar kemungkinannya paragraf
sebelumnya juga membahas hal yang sama (faktor yang mempengaruhi keterjangkitan terhadap pilek)
2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “particulars” in line 3?
(A) Minor errors
(B) Specific facts
(C) Small distinctions
(D) Individual people
Jawaban yang paling tepat (B)
particular = fakta / detail / informasi
3. What does the author claim about the study discussed in the passage?
(A) It contains many inconsistencies.
(B) It specializes in children.
(C) It contradicts the results of earlier studies in the field.
(D) Its results apparently are relevant for the population as a whole.
Jawaban yang paling tepat (D)
Line (2) A study done by the University of Michigan School of Public Health revealed particulars that seem to
hold true for the general population.
Kalimat di atas menunjukkan bahwa hasil studi berlaku / relevan untuk populasi secara umum / keseluruhan.
4. It may be inferred from the passage that which of the following groups of people is most likely to catch colds?
(A) Infant boys
(B) Young girls
(C) Teenage boys
(D) Elderly women
Jawaban yang paling tepat (A)
Line (4) Infants are the most cold-ridden group,
Potongan kalimat di atas menunjukkan bahwa yang paling rentan terhadap pilek adalah bayi.
5. There is information in the second paragraph of the passage to support which of the following conclusions?
(A) Men are more susceptible to colds than women.
(B) Children infect their parents with colds.
(C) People who live in a cold climate have more colds than those who live in a warm one.
(D) People who don’t have children are more susceptible to colds than those who do.
Jawaban yang paling tepat (B)
Line (11) One exception is found among people in their twenties, especially women, who show a rise in cold
infections, because people in this age group are most likely to have young children.
Kalimat di paragraf kedua di atas menunjukkan bahwa orang dewasa bisa terinfeksi dari anak mereka.
6. The phrase “people in this age group” (line 13) refers to
(A) infants
(B) people in their twenties
(C) people in their thirties and forties
(D) elderly people
Jawaban yang paling tepat (B)
Line (11) One exception is found among people in their twenties, especially women, who show a rise in cold infections, because people in this age group are most likely to have young children.
Kalimat di atas menunjukkan bahwa people in this age group = people in their twenties
7. The author’s main purpose in writing the last paragraph of the passage was to
(A) explain how cold viruses are transmitted
(B) prove that a poor diet causes colds
(C) discuss the relationship between income and frequency of colds
(D) discuss the distribution of income among the people in the study
Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (C)
Line (17) The study also found that economics plays an important role. As income increases, the frequency at which colds are reported in the family decreases.
Kalimat di atas menunjukkan hubungan antara pendapatan dan frekuensi pilek.
8. The word “cramped” in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) cheap
(B) crowded
(C) depressing
(D) simple
Jawaban yang paling tepat (B)
cramped = berdesakan, tidak memiliki tempat yang cukup untuk bergerak bebas
9. The author’s tone in this passage could best be described as
(A) neutral
(B) humorous
(C) tentative
(D) critical
Jawaban yang tepat adalah (A)
Bacaan di atas adalah laporan ilmiah yang netral dan obyektif