Structure 02 Answers

1. _____ by cosmic rays.
(A) The earth is constantly bombarded
(B) Bombarded constantly, the earth
(C) Bombarding the earth constantly
(D) The earth’s constant bombardment

Jawaban yang paling tepat (A)
– by cosmic rays = object
– Kalimat sederhana minimal terdiri dari 1 subject + 1 verb
– Kalimat soal belum memiliki subject dan verb
– (A) The earth = subject, is constantly bombarded = verb

The earth is constantly bombarded by cosmic rays.
Bumi selalu dibombardir oleh cahaya kosmik.

2. _____ primary colors are red, blue, and yellow.
(A) There are three
(B) The three
(C) Three of them
(D) That the three

Jawaban yang paling tepat (B)
– are = verb
– Kalimat sederhana minimal terdiri dari 1 subject + 1 verb
– Kalimat soal sudah ada subject (primary colors) dan verb (are)
– (B) The three = informasi tambahan untuk subject yang tidak mengubah bentuk dan komposisi kalimat

The three primary colors are red, blue, and yellow.
Tiga warna primer adalah merah, biru dan kuning.

3. _____ who was elected the first woman mayor of Chicago in 1979.
(A) It was Jane Byrne
(B) Jane Byrne
(C) That Jane Byrne
(D) When Jane Byrne

Jawaban yang paling tepat (A)
– who was elected the first woman mayor of Chicago in 1979 = relative clause (klausa yang memberi informasi tambahan untuk subject / object)
– Kalimat sederhana minimal terdiri dari 1 subject + 1 verb
– Kalimat soal belum ada subject dan verb
– (A) It was Jane Byrne, it = subject, was = verb, Jane Byrne = object

It was Jane Byrne who was elected the first woman mayor of Chicago in 1979.
Jane Byrne-lah yang terpilih sebagai walikota Chicago perempuan pertama pada tahun 1979.

4. Every computer consists of a number of systems ______ together.
(A) by working
(B) work
(C) they work
(D) that work

Jawaban yang paling tepat (D)
– Every computer = subject, consists = verb
– Kalimat sudah utuh (memiliki subject dan verb)
– Jika ada informasi tambahan untuk sebuah kalimat utuh, bisa ditambahkan dengan relative clause yang menggunakan relative pronoun
– (D) that work, that = relative pronoun (yang)

Every computer consists of a number of systems that work together.
Setiap komputer terdiri dari sejumlah sistem yang bekerja bersama-sama.

5. On the Moon, ______ air because the Moon’s gravitational field is too weak to retain an atmosphere.
(A) there is no
(B) where no
(C) no
(D) is no

Jawaban yang paling tepat (A)
– on the moon = adverbial phrase of location (berfungsi sebagai adverb)
– because the Moon’s gravitational field is too weak to retain an atmosphere = subordinate / dependent clause
– 1 klausa minimal terdiri dari 1 subject + 1 verb
– Main clause belum ada subject dan verb
– (A) there is no, there = subject, is = verb

On the Moon, there is no air because the Moon’s gravitational field is too weak to retain an atmosphere.
Di bulan, tidak ada udara karena medan gravitasi bulan terlalu lemah untuk mempertahankan atmosfer.

6. The Glass Mountains of northwestern Oklahoma ______ with flecks of gypsum, which shine in the sunlight.
(A) they are covered
(B) covered them
(C) that are covered
(D) are covered

Jawaban yang paling tepat (D)
– The Glass Mountains of northwestern Oklahoma = subject
– which shine in the sunlight = relative clause (klausa untuk memberi keterangan tambahan)
– Kalimat sederhana minimal terdiri dari 1 subject + 1 verb
– Kalimat soal belum ada verb
– (D) are covered, jawaban yang paling pas untuk konteks makna kalimat

The Glass Mountains of northwestern Oklahoma are covered with flecks of gypsum, which shine in the sunlight.
Pegunungan Kaca di Oklahoma bagian barat laut ditutupi butiran gips yang berkilau jika terkena sinar matahari.

7. In some cases, ______ to decide if an organism is a plant or an animal.
(A) difficult if
(B) it is difficult
(C) the difficulty
(D) is difficult

Jawaban yang paling tepat (B)
– in some cases = adverb
– Kalimat sederhana minimal terdiri dari 1 subject + 1 verb
– Kalimat soal belum ada subject dan verb
– (B) it is difficult, it = subject, is = verb

In some cases, it is difficult to decide if an organism is a plant or an animal.
Dalam beberapa kasus, sulit untuk memutuskan apakah satu organisme itu tanaman atau hewan.

8. The first American novelist to have a major impact on world literature _______
(A) who was James Fenimore Cooper
(B) James Fenimore Cooper was
(C) it was James Fenimore Cooper
(D) was James Fenimore Cooper

Jawaban yang paling tepat (D)
– The first American novelist to have a major impact on world literature = subject, singular, bisa diganti dengan he/she
– Kalimat sederhana minimal terdiri dari 1 subject + 1 verb
– Kalimat soal belum ada verb
– (D) was James Fenimoore Cooper, was = verb (adalah)

The first American novelist to have a major impact on world literature was James Fenimoore Cooper.
Penulis novel Amerika pertama yang memiliki pengaruh besar dalam sastra dunia adalah James Fenimoore Cooper.

9. _____ important railroad tunnel in the United States was cut through the Hoosac Mountains in Massachusetts.
(A) At first
(B) It was the first
(C) The first
(D) As the first of

Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
– Kalimat soal hanya ada satu verb (was cut)
– Kalimat sederhana minimal terdiri dari 1 subject + 1 verb
– Kalimat soal belum ada subject
– Jawaban yang paling bisa membentuk subject dari potongan kalimat di soal adalah (C)

The first important railroad tunnel in the United States was cut through the Hoosac Mountains in Massachusetts.
Terowongan kereta api penting pertama di Amerika Serikat digali melalui Pegunungan Hoosac di Massachusetts.

10. Generally, _____ in the valleys and foothills of the Pacific Coast ranges.
(A) the California poppy grown
(B) the growth of the California poppy
(C) the California poppy grows
(D) growing the California poppy

Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
– in the valleys and foothills of the Pacific Coast ranges = adverbial phrase (frasa yang berfungsi sebagai adverb, dalam hal ini adverb of place)
– Kalimat sederhana minimal terdiri dari 1 subject + 1 verb
– Kalimat soal belum ada subject dan verb
– (C) the California poppy = subject , grows = verb

Biasanya, bunga poppy California tumbuh di lembah dan kaki bukit Pegunungan Pantai Pasifik.