Structure 03 Answers

1. _____ that the capital of South Carolina was moved from Charleston to Columbia.
(A) In 1790 was
(B) There was in 1790
(C) In 1790
(D) It was in 1790
 
Jawaban yang paling tepat (D)
– that the capital of South Carolina was moved from Charleston to Columbia = relative clause
– relative clause adalah klausa tambahan yang menjelaskan sebuah noun (bisa subject, bisa object)
– main clause belum memiliki subject dan verb, jadi kita perlu cari jawaban yang berupa klausa dan memiliki subject dan verb (bisa B atau D)
– D yang paling pas maknanya untuk kalimat soal
It was in 1790 that the capital of South Carolina was moved from Charleston to Columbia.
Pada tahun 1790-lah ibu kota South Carolina dipindahkan dari Charleston ke Columbia.
 
2. Although not as important as they once were, _____ a major form of transportation in North America.
(A) there are still railroads
(B) railroads, which are still
(C) railroads are still
(D) railroads still being
 
Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
– Although not as important as they once were = dependent clause (ada conjunction although)
– _____ a major form of transportation in North America = main clause
– a major form of transportation in North America = noun
– main clause belum memiliki subject dan verb
– A dan C memiliki subject dan verb
– C yang paling pas maknanya untuk kalimat soal
Although not as important as they once were, railroads are still a major form of transportation in North America.
Meskipun tidak lagi sepenting dulu, perkeretaapian masih merupakan moda transportasi utama di Amerika Utara.
 
3. The Loop, which is the commercial heart of Chicago, ______ within a rectangular loop of elevated train tracks.
(A) that is enclosed
(B) enclosing it
(C) is enclosed
(D) enclosed
 
Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
– which is the commercial heart of Chicago = relative clause (dan sudah utuh, ada subject dan verb) yang menjelaskan subject (The Loop)
– within a rectangular loop of elevated train tracks = adverbial phrase (frasa yang berfungsi sebagai adverb / kata keterangan)
– main clause hanya punya subject (The Loop) tapi belum ada verb
– C dan D = verb yang secara gramatikal bisa digunakan untuk subject
– C yang paling pas maknanya untuk kalimat soal
The Loop, which is the commercial heart of Chicago, is enclosed within a rectangular loop of elevated train tracks
The Loop, yang merupakan pusat komersial kota Chicago, dikelilingi rel kereta api di atas jalan dalam sebuah lintasan berbentuk persegi panjang.
 
4. _____ amino acids that serve as the basic building blocks of all proteins.
(A) About twenty
(B) For about twenty of
(C) About twenty are
(D) There are about twenty
 
Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (D)
– that serve as the basic building blocks of all proteins = relative clause (klausa tambahan yang menjelaskan noun amino acids)
– main clause belum memiliki subject dan verb
– C dan D memiliki subject dan verb
– D yang paling pas maknanya untuk kalimat soal
There are about twenty amino acids that serve as the basic building blocks of all proteins.
Ada sekitar dua puluh asam amino yang berfungsi sebagai blok penyusun dasar semua protein.
 
5. Most folk songs are ballads ______ have simple words and tell simple stories.
(A) what
(B) although
(C) when
(D) that
 
Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (D)
– Most folk songs = subject
– are = verb
– ballads = noun
– ______ have simple words and tell simple stories = relative clause yang menjelaskan noun (ballads)
– relative clause belum memiliki relative clause marker / relative pronoun (ada 7: who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where)
– C (when) dan D (that) adalah relative clause marker yang bisa dipilih
– D yang paling pas untuk kalimat soal
Most folk songs are ballads that have simple words and tell simple stories.
Sebagian besar lagu folk adalah balada yang memiliki kata-kata sederhana dan menceritakan cerita-cerita sederhana.
 
6. After its introduction in 1969, the float process ______ the world’s principal method of manufacturing flat sheets of glass.
(A) by which it became
(B) it became
(C) became
(D) which became
 
Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
– After its introduction in 1969 = adverbial phrase (frasa yang berfungsi sebagai adverb, dalam hal ini adverb of time)
– the float process = subject
– the world’s principal method of manufacturing flat sheets of glass = noun
– Kalimat sederhana perlu memiliki minimal 1 subject + 1 verb
– Kalimat soal belum memiliki verb
– A dan B salah karena ada repetisi subject (it)
– D salah karena which adalah relative clause marker sedangkan kalimatnya hanya terdiri dari 1 klausa
After its introduction in 1969, the float process became the world’s principal method of manufacturing flat sheets of glass.
Setelah pengenalannya pada tahun 1969, proses pengapungan menjadi metode utama pembuatan lembaran kaca.
 
7. In 1850, Yale University established Sheffield Scientific School, _____
(A) engineers were educated there
(B) where engineers were educated
(C) in which were engineers educated
(D) where were engineers educated
 
Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (B)
– In 1850 = adverbial phrase of time (adverb)
– Yale University = subject
– established = verb
– Sheffield Scientific School = noun
– Kalimat ini sudah utuh karena sudah ada 1 subject + 1 verb
– Kalimat bisa diikuti relative clause yang menjelaskan noun dan diawali relative clause marker (who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where)
– A salah karena tidak ada relative clause marker
– D salah karena susunan katanya menggunakan pola kalimat tanya
– B paling tepat karena merujuk pada lokasi
In 1850, Yale University established Sheffield Scientific School, where engineers were educated.
Pada tahun 1850, Universitas Yale mendirikan Sekolah Ilmiah Sheffield, di mana para insinyur diajar.
 
8. Many of Louise Nevelson’s sculptures consisted of a number of large wooden structures ______ in complex patterns.
(A) which she arranged
(B) she arranged them
(C) which arranged
(D) arranged them
 
Jawaban yang paling tepat (A)
– Many of Louise Nevelson’s sculptures = subject
– consisted = verb
– of = preposition
– a number of large wooden structures = noun
– Kalimat ini sudah utuh karena sudah ada 1 subject + 1 verb
– Kalimat bisa diikuti relative clause yang menjelaskan noun dan diawali relative clause marker (who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where)
– B dan D salah karena tidak ada relative clause marker
– C salah karena relative clausenya tidak memiliki subject, jika digunakan akan membuat kalimatnya tidak logis.
Many of Louise Nevelson’s sculptures consisted of a number of large wooden structures which she arranged in complex patterns.
Banyak ukiran Louise Nevelson terdiri dari sejumlah struktur kayu yang dia atur dalam pola yang rumit.
 
9. In addition to being a naturalist, Stewart E. White was a writer ______ the struggle for survival on the American frontier.
(A) whose novels describe
(B) he describes in his novels
(C) his novels describe
(D) who, describing in his novels
 
Jawaban yang paling benar (A)
– In addition to being a naturalist = adverb
– Stewart E. White = subject
– was = verb
– a writer = noun
– Kalimat ini sudah utuh karena sudah ada 1 subject + 1 verb
– Kalimat bisa diikuti relative clause yang menjelaskan noun dan diawali relative clause marker (who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where)
– B dan C salah karena tidak ada relative clause marker
– D salah karena main verb-nya (describing) tidak diawali auxiliary verb be yang sesuai (was)

In addition to being a naturalist, Stewart E. White was a writer whose novels describe the struggle for survival on the American frontier.
Selain menjadi seorang naturalis, Stewart E. White adalah seorang penulis yang novel-novelnya menceritakan perjuangan bertahan hidup di daerah liar Amerika
 
10. Diamonds are often found in rock formations called pipes, ______ the throats of extinct volcanoes.
(A) in which they resemble
(B) which resemble
(C) there is a resemblance to
(D) they resemble
 
Jawaban yang paling tepat (B)
– Diamonds = subject
– are often found = verb
– in rock formations = adverb
– called pipes = noun phrase,
– Kalimat ini sudah utuh karena sudah ada 1 subject + 1 verb
– Kalimat bisa diikuti relative clause yang menjelaskan noun dan diawali relative clause marker (who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where)
– C dan D salah karena tidak ada relative clause marker
– Antara A dan B, B yang paling tepat maknanya dalam kalimat soal
Diamonds are often found in rock formations called pipes, ______ the throats of extinct volcanoes.
Berlian biasanya ditemukan di susunan batu yang disebut pipa yang menyerupai tenggorokan gunung berapi yang punah.