1. Aerodynamics is the study of the forces ______ on an object as it moves through the atmosphere.
(A) acting
(B) act
(C) are acting
(D) acted
(A) acting
(B) act
(C) are acting
(D) acted
Jawaban yang paling tepat (A)
– Aerodynamics = subject
– is = verb
– the study of the forces = noun (object)
– Kalimat sudah lengkap karena sudah memiliki 1 subject dan 1 verb
– Ada verb (opsi jawaban A-D) setelah object noun => Pertanda relative clause (klausa tambahan yang menjelaskan subject / object)
– Relative clause = relative clause marker (who, whom, whose, which, that, where, when) + clause
– Di kalimat soal dan opsi jawaban tidak ada relative clause marker => reduced relative clause (relative clause yang disingkat)
– Reduced relative clause ada 2 tipe:
— Reduced relative clause with present participle (Verb ing) – jika klausa dalam bentuk kalimat aktif
Adam, who joined the club last year, has been awarded Player of the Month award.
Adam, joining the club last year, has been awarded Player of the Month award
— Reduced relative clause with past participle (Verb 3) – jika klausa dalam bentuk kalimat pasif
Adam, who was recruited by the club last year, has been awarded Player of the Month award.
Adam, recruited by the club last year, has been awarded Player of the Month award
– Potensi jawaban yang memungkinkan A (Verb ing) dan D (Verb 3)
– D salah karena kalau dimasukkan dan dijadika konteks kalimat pasif tidak tepat.
– Aerodynamics = subject
– is = verb
– the study of the forces = noun (object)
– Kalimat sudah lengkap karena sudah memiliki 1 subject dan 1 verb
– Ada verb (opsi jawaban A-D) setelah object noun => Pertanda relative clause (klausa tambahan yang menjelaskan subject / object)
– Relative clause = relative clause marker (who, whom, whose, which, that, where, when) + clause
– Di kalimat soal dan opsi jawaban tidak ada relative clause marker => reduced relative clause (relative clause yang disingkat)
– Reduced relative clause ada 2 tipe:
— Reduced relative clause with present participle (Verb ing) – jika klausa dalam bentuk kalimat aktif
Adam, who joined the club last year, has been awarded Player of the Month award.
Adam, joining the club last year, has been awarded Player of the Month award
— Reduced relative clause with past participle (Verb 3) – jika klausa dalam bentuk kalimat pasif
Adam, who was recruited by the club last year, has been awarded Player of the Month award.
Adam, recruited by the club last year, has been awarded Player of the Month award
– Potensi jawaban yang memungkinkan A (Verb ing) dan D (Verb 3)
– D salah karena kalau dimasukkan dan dijadika konteks kalimat pasif tidak tepat.
Aerodynamics is the study of the forces acting on an object as it moves through the atmosphere
= Aerodynamics is the study of the forces which act on an object as it moves through the atmosphere.
Aerodinamika adalah studi tenaga yang bekerja pada sebuah obyek ketika dia bergerak melalui atmosfer.
= Aerodynamics is the study of the forces which act on an object as it moves through the atmosphere.
Aerodinamika adalah studi tenaga yang bekerja pada sebuah obyek ketika dia bergerak melalui atmosfer.
2. _____ for their strong fiber include flax and hemp.
(A) Plants are grown
(B) Plants grown
(C) Plants that grow
(D) To grow plants
(A) Plants are grown
(B) Plants grown
(C) Plants that grow
(D) To grow plants
Jawaban yang paling tepat (B)
– include = verb
– Di pilihan jawaban soal A – D ada kata plants = noun, grow / grown = verb
– Ada 2 verb => compound sentence / complex sentence
– tidak ada coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjuction, tidak ada if/whether => reduced relative clause
– C dan D salah karena verb dalam reduced relative clause hanya bisa dalam bentuk Verb ing atau Verb 3
– A salah karena jika ‘are grown’ digunakan, harus ada relative clause marker which
– include = verb
– Di pilihan jawaban soal A – D ada kata plants = noun, grow / grown = verb
– Ada 2 verb => compound sentence / complex sentence
– tidak ada coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjuction, tidak ada if/whether => reduced relative clause
– C dan D salah karena verb dalam reduced relative clause hanya bisa dalam bentuk Verb ing atau Verb 3
– A salah karena jika ‘are grown’ digunakan, harus ada relative clause marker which
Plants grown for their strong fiber include flax and hemp.
= Plants which are grown for their strong fiber include flax and hemp.
Tanaman-tanaman yang dikembangkan untuk seratnya yang kuat termasuk rami dan hemp.
= Plants which are grown for their strong fiber include flax and hemp.
Tanaman-tanaman yang dikembangkan untuk seratnya yang kuat termasuk rami dan hemp.
3. _____ , Jose Limon’s dance troupe often toured abroad.
(A) The U.S. State Department sponsored it
(B) Sponsored by the U.S. State Department
(C) The U.S. State Department, which sponsored it
(D) The sponsorship of the U.S. State Department
(A) The U.S. State Department sponsored it
(B) Sponsored by the U.S. State Department
(C) The U.S. State Department, which sponsored it
(D) The sponsorship of the U.S. State Department
Jawaban yang paling tepat (B)
– Jose Limon’s dance troupe = subject
– toured = verb
– Di opsi jawaban A-D ada verb (sponsored) => ada 2 verb => compound sentence / complex sentence
– tidak ada coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjuction, tidak ada if/whether => reduced relative clause
– D salah karena dalam reduced relative clause harus ada Verb ing atau Verb 3
– A dan C salah karena dalam reduced relative clause tidak ada subject
– Jose Limon’s dance troupe = subject
– toured = verb
– Di opsi jawaban A-D ada verb (sponsored) => ada 2 verb => compound sentence / complex sentence
– tidak ada coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjuction, tidak ada if/whether => reduced relative clause
– D salah karena dalam reduced relative clause harus ada Verb ing atau Verb 3
– A dan C salah karena dalam reduced relative clause tidak ada subject
Sponsored by the U.S. State Department, Jose Limon’s dance troupe often toured abroad.
Ini adalah bentuk lain dari:
Jose Limon’s dance troupe, sponsored by the U.S. State Department, often toured abroad.
Jose Limon’s dance troupe, which was sponsored by the U.S. State Department, often toured abroad.
Grup tari Jose Limon, yang disponsori oleh Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat, sering melakukan tur ke luar negeri.
Ini adalah bentuk lain dari:
Jose Limon’s dance troupe, sponsored by the U.S. State Department, often toured abroad.
Jose Limon’s dance troupe, which was sponsored by the U.S. State Department, often toured abroad.
Grup tari Jose Limon, yang disponsori oleh Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat, sering melakukan tur ke luar negeri.
4. Elfreth’s Alley in Philadelphia is the oldest residential street in the United States, with ______ from 1728.
(A) houses are dated
(B) the dates of the houses
(C) the dating of houses
(D) houses dating
(A) houses are dated
(B) the dates of the houses
(C) the dating of houses
(D) houses dating
Jawaban yang paling tepat (D)
– Elfreth’s Alley in Philadelphia = subject
– is = verb
– Di opsi jawaban dan noun (houses) dan verb (date) => ada 2 verb => compound sentence / complex sentence
– tidak ada coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjuction, tidak ada if/whether => reduced relative clause
– B salah karena dalam reduced relative clause harus ada Verb ing atau Verb 3
– A salah karena dalam reduced relative clause tidak ada verb be
– C salah karena posisi Verb ing atau Verb 3 setelah noun
– Elfreth’s Alley in Philadelphia = subject
– is = verb
– Di opsi jawaban dan noun (houses) dan verb (date) => ada 2 verb => compound sentence / complex sentence
– tidak ada coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjuction, tidak ada if/whether => reduced relative clause
– B salah karena dalam reduced relative clause harus ada Verb ing atau Verb 3
– A salah karena dalam reduced relative clause tidak ada verb be
– C salah karena posisi Verb ing atau Verb 3 setelah noun
Elfreth’s Alley in Philadelphia is the oldest residential street in the United States, with houses dating from 1728.
= Elfreth’s Alley in Philadelphia is the oldest residential street in the United States, with houses which date from 1728.
Elfreth’s Alley di Philiadephia adalah jalan perumahan tertua di Amerika Serikat, dengan rumah-rumah yang sudah ada sejak tahun 1728.
date from (verb) = sudah ada sejak
= Elfreth’s Alley in Philadelphia is the oldest residential street in the United States, with houses which date from 1728.
Elfreth’s Alley di Philiadephia adalah jalan perumahan tertua di Amerika Serikat, dengan rumah-rumah yang sudah ada sejak tahun 1728.
date from (verb) = sudah ada sejak
5. In 1821 the city of Indianapolis, Indiana, was laid out in a design ______ after that of Washington, D.C.
(A) patterned
(B) was patterned
(C) a pattern
(D) that patterned
(A) patterned
(B) was patterned
(C) a pattern
(D) that patterned
Jawaban yang paling tepat (A)
– Indiana = subject
– was laid out = verb
– a design = noun (object)
– Kalimat sudah lengkap karena sudah memiliki 1 subject dan 1 verb
– Dalam pilihan jawaban A-D ada variasi verb (patterned) setelah object noun => Pertanda relative clause
– Tidak ada relative clause marker => pertanda reduced relative clause
– B salah karena dalam reduced relative clause tidak ada verb be
– C salah karena dalam reduced relative clause setelah noun diikuti Verb ing atau Verb 3, (a pattern = noun)
– D salah karena relative clause marker that tidak diikuti verb be yang bisa membuatnya benar (that was patterned)
In 1821 the city of Indianapolis, Indiana, was laid out in a design patterned after that of Washington, D.C.
= In 1821 the city of Indianapolis, Indiana, was laid out in a design which / that was patterned after that of Washington, D.C.
Pada tahun 1821, kota di Indianapolis, Indiana, dirancang dalam sebuah desain yang berpola seperti Washington DC.
– Indiana = subject
– was laid out = verb
– a design = noun (object)
– Kalimat sudah lengkap karena sudah memiliki 1 subject dan 1 verb
– Dalam pilihan jawaban A-D ada variasi verb (patterned) setelah object noun => Pertanda relative clause
– Tidak ada relative clause marker => pertanda reduced relative clause
– B salah karena dalam reduced relative clause tidak ada verb be
– C salah karena dalam reduced relative clause setelah noun diikuti Verb ing atau Verb 3, (a pattern = noun)
– D salah karena relative clause marker that tidak diikuti verb be yang bisa membuatnya benar (that was patterned)
In 1821 the city of Indianapolis, Indiana, was laid out in a design patterned after that of Washington, D.C.
= In 1821 the city of Indianapolis, Indiana, was laid out in a design which / that was patterned after that of Washington, D.C.
Pada tahun 1821, kota di Indianapolis, Indiana, dirancang dalam sebuah desain yang berpola seperti Washington DC.
6. _____ in front of a camera lens changes the color of the light that reaches the film.
(A) Placed a filter
(B) A filter is placed
(C) A filter placed
(D) When a filter placed
(A) Placed a filter
(B) A filter is placed
(C) A filter placed
(D) When a filter placed
Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
– camera lens = noun
– changes = verb
– Pilihan jawaban A-D ada subject (a filter) dan verb (placed)
– Ada 1 subject dan 2 verb
– Ada 2 verb => compound sentence / complex sentence
– tidak ada coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjuction, tidak ada if/whether => reduced relative clause
– A salah karena dalam reduced relative clause Verb 3 / Verb ing berada setelah subject / noun
– B salah karena dalam reduced relative clause tidak ada verb be
– D salah karena tidak ada relative pronoun sebelum subject / object noun di reduced relative clause
– camera lens = noun
– changes = verb
– Pilihan jawaban A-D ada subject (a filter) dan verb (placed)
– Ada 1 subject dan 2 verb
– Ada 2 verb => compound sentence / complex sentence
– tidak ada coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjuction, tidak ada if/whether => reduced relative clause
– A salah karena dalam reduced relative clause Verb 3 / Verb ing berada setelah subject / noun
– B salah karena dalam reduced relative clause tidak ada verb be
– D salah karena tidak ada relative pronoun sebelum subject / object noun di reduced relative clause
A filter placed in front of a camera lens changes the color of the light that reaches the film.
= A filter which is placed in front of a camera lens changes the color of the light that reaches the film.
Sebuah filter yang diletakkan di depan lensa kamera mengubah warna cahaya yang sampai ke film.
= A filter which is placed in front of a camera lens changes the color of the light that reaches the film.
Sebuah filter yang diletakkan di depan lensa kamera mengubah warna cahaya yang sampai ke film.
7. The Massachusetts State House, _____ in 1798, was the most distinguished building in the United States at that time.
(A) completing
(B) which was completed
(C) was completed
(D) to be completed
(A) completing
(B) which was completed
(C) was completed
(D) to be completed
Jawaban yang paling tepat (B)
– The Massachusetts State House = subject
– was = verb
– Pilihan jawaban A-D ada variasi verb (complete) => ada 1 subject dan 2 verb
– Ada 2 verb => compound sentence / complex sentence
– tidak ada coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjuction, tidak ada if/whether => relative clause atau reduced relative clause
– C salah karena kurang relative clause marker (which) untuk membuat klausa pasif yang utuh
– D salah karena kurang relative clause marker (which) dan bentuk be yang salah
– A salah karena dalam bentuk aktif (Verb ing), jika dimasukkan ke dalam kalimat soal menjadi tidak logis
– The Massachusetts State House = subject
– was = verb
– Pilihan jawaban A-D ada variasi verb (complete) => ada 1 subject dan 2 verb
– Ada 2 verb => compound sentence / complex sentence
– tidak ada coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjuction, tidak ada if/whether => relative clause atau reduced relative clause
– C salah karena kurang relative clause marker (which) untuk membuat klausa pasif yang utuh
– D salah karena kurang relative clause marker (which) dan bentuk be yang salah
– A salah karena dalam bentuk aktif (Verb ing), jika dimasukkan ke dalam kalimat soal menjadi tidak logis
The Massachusetts State House, which was completed in 1798, was the most distinguished building in the United States at that time.
Gedung Negara Bagian Massachusetts, yang diselesaikan pada tahun 1798, adalah bangunan yang paling dikagumi di Amerika Serikat waktu itu.
Gedung Negara Bagian Massachusetts, yang diselesaikan pada tahun 1798, adalah bangunan yang paling dikagumi di Amerika Serikat waktu itu.
8. Barbara McClintock _____ for her discovery of the mobility of genetic elements.
(A) known
(B) who knows
(C) knowing
(D) is known
(A) known
(B) who knows
(C) knowing
(D) is known
Jawaban yang paling tepat (D)
– Barbara McClintock = subject
– Tidak ada verb di potongan kalimat soal
– Hanya ada 1 verb di opsi pilihan jawaban A-D
– 1 subject + 1 verb => Kalimat sederhana (simple sentence)
– D salah karena known = Verb 3 dan tidak ada auxiliary verb yang mendahului (be / have)
– B salah karena ada relative clause marker (tidak diperlukan untuk simple sentence)
– C salah karena knowning = Verb ing dan tidak ada auxiliary verb yang mendahului (be)
– Barbara McClintock = subject
– Tidak ada verb di potongan kalimat soal
– Hanya ada 1 verb di opsi pilihan jawaban A-D
– 1 subject + 1 verb => Kalimat sederhana (simple sentence)
– D salah karena known = Verb 3 dan tidak ada auxiliary verb yang mendahului (be / have)
– B salah karena ada relative clause marker (tidak diperlukan untuk simple sentence)
– C salah karena knowning = Verb ing dan tidak ada auxiliary verb yang mendahului (be)
Barbara McClintock is known for her discovery of the mobility of genetic elements.
Barbara McClintock dikenal akan penemuannya tentang mobilitas elemen genetika.
Barbara McClintock dikenal akan penemuannya tentang mobilitas elemen genetika.
9. The solitary scientist ______ by himself has in many instances been replaced by a cooperative scientific team.
(A) to make important discoveries
(B) important discoveries were made
(C) has made important discoveries
(D) making important discoveries
(A) to make important discoveries
(B) important discoveries were made
(C) has made important discoveries
(D) making important discoveries
Jawaban yang paling tepat (D)
– The solitary scientist = subject
– has … been replaced = verb
– Dalam opsi pilihan A-D ada variasi verb (make) => ada 1 subject dan 2 verb
– Ada 2 verb => compound sentence / complex sentence
– tidak ada coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjuction, tidak ada if/whether => relative clause
– tidak ada relative clause marker => reduced relative clause
– A salah karena dalam reduced relative clause verb dalam bentuk Verb ing atau Verb 3
– B salah karena dalam reduced relative clause tidak ada verb be
– C salah karena dalam reduced relative clause tidak ada verb be/auxiliary verb (have)
The solitary scientist making important discoveries by himself has in many instances been replaced by a cooperative scientific team.
The solitary scientist who made important discoveries by himself has in many instances been replaced by a cooperative scientific team.
Ilmuwan penyendiri yang membuat penemuan-penemuan penting seorang diri dalam banyak kejadian telah digantikan dengan tim ilmuwan yang berdasarkan kerja-sama.
– The solitary scientist = subject
– has … been replaced = verb
– Dalam opsi pilihan A-D ada variasi verb (make) => ada 1 subject dan 2 verb
– Ada 2 verb => compound sentence / complex sentence
– tidak ada coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjuction, tidak ada if/whether => relative clause
– tidak ada relative clause marker => reduced relative clause
– A salah karena dalam reduced relative clause verb dalam bentuk Verb ing atau Verb 3
– B salah karena dalam reduced relative clause tidak ada verb be
– C salah karena dalam reduced relative clause tidak ada verb be/auxiliary verb (have)
The solitary scientist making important discoveries by himself has in many instances been replaced by a cooperative scientific team.
The solitary scientist who made important discoveries by himself has in many instances been replaced by a cooperative scientific team.
Ilmuwan penyendiri yang membuat penemuan-penemuan penting seorang diri dalam banyak kejadian telah digantikan dengan tim ilmuwan yang berdasarkan kerja-sama.
10. Geometry is the branch of mathematics ______ the properties of lines, curves, shapes, and surfaces.
(A) that concerned with
(B) it is concerned with
(C) concerned with
(D) its concerns are
(A) that concerned with
(B) it is concerned with
(C) concerned with
(D) its concerns are
Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
– Geometry = subject
– is = verb
– the branch of mathematics = noun (object)
– Pilihan jawaban A-D ada variasi verb (concern) => 1 subject 2 verb
– Ada 2 verb => compound sentence / complex sentence
– tidak ada coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjuction, tidak ada if/whether => relative clause
– tidak ada relative clause marker => reduced relative clause
– A, B dan D salah karena dalam reduced relative clause verb dalam bentuk Verb ing atau Verb 3 dan langsung mengikuti noun
– Geometry = subject
– is = verb
– the branch of mathematics = noun (object)
– Pilihan jawaban A-D ada variasi verb (concern) => 1 subject 2 verb
– Ada 2 verb => compound sentence / complex sentence
– tidak ada coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjuction, tidak ada if/whether => relative clause
– tidak ada relative clause marker => reduced relative clause
– A, B dan D salah karena dalam reduced relative clause verb dalam bentuk Verb ing atau Verb 3 dan langsung mengikuti noun
Geometry is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of lines, curves, shapes, and surfaces.
= Geometry is the branch of mathematics which is concerned with the properties of lines, curves, shapes, and surfaces.
Geometri adalah cabang matematika yang berhubungan dengan sifat garis, kurva, bentuk dan permukaan.
= Geometry is the branch of mathematics which is concerned with the properties of lines, curves, shapes, and surfaces.
Geometri adalah cabang matematika yang berhubungan dengan sifat garis, kurva, bentuk dan permukaan.