1. _____ an average of 471 inches of rain a year, Mount Waialeale in Hawaii is the wettest spot in the world.
(A) It receives
(B) Receiving
(C) To receive
(D) Received
(A) It receives
(B) Receiving
(C) To receive
(D) Received
Jawaban yang paling tepat (B)
– Mount Waialeale in Hawaii = subject
– is = verb
– Pilihan A-D ada variasi verb (receive) => 1 subject 2 verb
– Ada 2 verb => compound sentence / complex sentence
– tidak ada coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjuction, tidak ada if/whether => relative clause
– tidak ada relative clause marker => reduced relative clause
– A dan C salah karena dalam reduced relative clause verb hanya dalam bentuk Verb ing atau Verb 3
– B dan D bentuk verbnya benar secara grammar
– D salah karena jika dimasukkan ke kalimat soal, kalimatnya menjadi tidak logis
– Mount Waialeale in Hawaii = subject
– is = verb
– Pilihan A-D ada variasi verb (receive) => 1 subject 2 verb
– Ada 2 verb => compound sentence / complex sentence
– tidak ada coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjuction, tidak ada if/whether => relative clause
– tidak ada relative clause marker => reduced relative clause
– A dan C salah karena dalam reduced relative clause verb hanya dalam bentuk Verb ing atau Verb 3
– B dan D bentuk verbnya benar secara grammar
– D salah karena jika dimasukkan ke kalimat soal, kalimatnya menjadi tidak logis
Receiving an average of 471 inches of rain a year, Mount Waialeale in Hawaii is the wettest spot in the world.
= Mount Waialeale in Hawaii, receiving an average of 471 inches of rain a year, is the wettest spot in the world.
= Mount Waialeale in Hawaii, which receives an average of 471 inches of rain a year, is the wettest spot in the world.
Gunung Waialeale di Hawaii, yang menerima rata-rata 471 inci hujan setiap tahun, adalah tempat terbasah di dunia.
= Mount Waialeale in Hawaii, receiving an average of 471 inches of rain a year, is the wettest spot in the world.
= Mount Waialeale in Hawaii, which receives an average of 471 inches of rain a year, is the wettest spot in the world.
Gunung Waialeale di Hawaii, yang menerima rata-rata 471 inci hujan setiap tahun, adalah tempat terbasah di dunia.
2. Amber is a hard, yellowish-brown _____ from the resin of pine trees that lived millions of years ago.
(A) substance formed
(B) to form a substance
(C) substance has formed
(D) forming a substance
(A) substance formed
(B) to form a substance
(C) substance has formed
(D) forming a substance
Jawaban yang paling tepat (A)
– Amber = subject
– is = verb
– Pilihan A-D ada noun (substance) dan variasi verb (form) => 1 subject 2 verb
– Ada 2 verb => compound sentence / complex sentence
– tidak ada coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjuction, tidak ada if/whether => relative clause
– tidak ada relative clause marker => reduced relative clause
– B salah karena dalam reduced relative clause verb hanya dalam bentuk Verb ing atau Verb 3
– C salah karena dalam reduced relative clause tidak ada auxiliary verb (has)
– D salah karena dalam reduced relative clause Verb ing atau Verb 3 mengikuti noun, bukan mendahului
– Amber = subject
– is = verb
– Pilihan A-D ada noun (substance) dan variasi verb (form) => 1 subject 2 verb
– Ada 2 verb => compound sentence / complex sentence
– tidak ada coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjuction, tidak ada if/whether => relative clause
– tidak ada relative clause marker => reduced relative clause
– B salah karena dalam reduced relative clause verb hanya dalam bentuk Verb ing atau Verb 3
– C salah karena dalam reduced relative clause tidak ada auxiliary verb (has)
– D salah karena dalam reduced relative clause Verb ing atau Verb 3 mengikuti noun, bukan mendahului
Amber is a hard, yellowish-brown substance formed from the resin of pine trees that lived millions of years ago.
= Amber is a hard, yellowish-brown substance which was formed from the resin of pine trees that lived millions of years ago.
Ambar adalah bahan keras berwarna cokelat kekuningan yang terbentuk dari resin pohon cemara yang hidup jutaan tahun yang lalu.
= Amber is a hard, yellowish-brown substance which was formed from the resin of pine trees that lived millions of years ago.
Ambar adalah bahan keras berwarna cokelat kekuningan yang terbentuk dari resin pohon cemara yang hidup jutaan tahun yang lalu.
3. The Democratic Party is older than the other major American political party, _____
(A) which the Republican party
(B) the Republican party
(C) it is the Republican party
(D) the Republican party is
(A) which the Republican party
(B) the Republican party
(C) it is the Republican party
(D) the Republican party is
Jawaban yang paling tepat (B)
– The Democratic Party = subject
– is = verb
– the other major American political party = noun (object)
– Pilihan A-D semuanya mengandung variasi dari penggunaan noun (the Republican party)
– Klausa sudah memiliki 1 subject 1 verb dan diakhiri noun => relative clause atau reduced relative clause
– A salah karena ada relative clause marker (which) tapi tidak ada verb be sebelum noun (the Republican party)
– C salah karena tidak memiliki relative clause marker atau verb dalam bentuk Verb ing atau Verb 3
– D salah karena tidak memiliki relative clause marker atau verb dalam bentuk Verb ing atau Verb 3
– The Democratic Party = subject
– is = verb
– the other major American political party = noun (object)
– Pilihan A-D semuanya mengandung variasi dari penggunaan noun (the Republican party)
– Klausa sudah memiliki 1 subject 1 verb dan diakhiri noun => relative clause atau reduced relative clause
– A salah karena ada relative clause marker (which) tapi tidak ada verb be sebelum noun (the Republican party)
– C salah karena tidak memiliki relative clause marker atau verb dalam bentuk Verb ing atau Verb 3
– D salah karena tidak memiliki relative clause marker atau verb dalam bentuk Verb ing atau Verb 3
The Democratic Party is older than the other major American political party, the Republican party.
= The Democratic Party is older than the other major American political party, which is the Republican party.
Partai Demokrat lebih tua dari partai politik besar lainnya di Amerika, yaitu Partai Republik.
Jika relative clause mengandung noun phrase (the Republican party), relative clause bisa diringkas menjadi reduced relative clause dengan menghilangkan relative clause marker (which) dan verb (is)
= The Democratic Party is older than the other major American political party, which is the Republican party.
Partai Demokrat lebih tua dari partai politik besar lainnya di Amerika, yaitu Partai Republik.
Jika relative clause mengandung noun phrase (the Republican party), relative clause bisa diringkas menjadi reduced relative clause dengan menghilangkan relative clause marker (which) dan verb (is)
4. _____ relations with friends and acquaintances, play a major role in the social development of adolescents.
(A) What are called peer group relations are
(B) Peer group relations are
(C) Peer group relations, the
(D) By peer group relations, we mean
(A) What are called peer group relations are
(B) Peer group relations are
(C) Peer group relations, the
(D) By peer group relations, we mean
Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
– relations with friends and acquaintances = noun (object)
– play = verb
– Pilihan A-D semuanya mengandung variasi dari penggunaan subject noun (peer group relations)
– Klausa sudah memiliki 1 verb dan 1 subject noun => relative clause
– A salah karena what bukan relative clause marker
– B salah karena tidak ada relative clause marker dan tidak ada Verb ing / Verb 3
– D salah karena tidak ada relative clause marker dan tidak ada Verb ing / Verb 3
– relations with friends and acquaintances = noun (object)
– play = verb
– Pilihan A-D semuanya mengandung variasi dari penggunaan subject noun (peer group relations)
– Klausa sudah memiliki 1 verb dan 1 subject noun => relative clause
– A salah karena what bukan relative clause marker
– B salah karena tidak ada relative clause marker dan tidak ada Verb ing / Verb 3
– D salah karena tidak ada relative clause marker dan tidak ada Verb ing / Verb 3
Peer group relations, the relations with friends and acquaintances, play a major role in the social development of adolescents.
= The relations with friends and acquaintances, peer group relations, play a major role in the social development of adolescents.
= The relations with friends and acquaintances, which are peer group relations, play a major role in the social development of adolescents.
Hubungan dengan teman-teman dan kenalan, yaitu relasi teman kelompok, berperan penting dalam perkembangan sosial orang-orang dewasa.
= The relations with friends and acquaintances, peer group relations, play a major role in the social development of adolescents.
= The relations with friends and acquaintances, which are peer group relations, play a major role in the social development of adolescents.
Hubungan dengan teman-teman dan kenalan, yaitu relasi teman kelompok, berperan penting dalam perkembangan sosial orang-orang dewasa.
5. Joseph Henry, _____ first director of the Smithsonian Institute, was President Lincoln’s advisor on scientific matters.
(A) the
(B) to be the
(C) was the
(D) as the
(A) the
(B) to be the
(C) was the
(D) as the
Jawaban yang paling tepat (A)
– Joseph Henry = noun (subject)
– was = verb
– first director of the Smithsonian Institute = noun
– Pilihan A-D tidak ada relative clause marker => reduced relative clause
– Kalimat soal adalah contoh penggunan appositive: noun phrase yang menjelaskan noun phrase yang lain
– appositive = reduced relative clause (tanpa relative clause marker, tanpa verb, mengandung noun)
– Joseph Henry = noun (subject)
– was = verb
– first director of the Smithsonian Institute = noun
– Pilihan A-D tidak ada relative clause marker => reduced relative clause
– Kalimat soal adalah contoh penggunan appositive: noun phrase yang menjelaskan noun phrase yang lain
– appositive = reduced relative clause (tanpa relative clause marker, tanpa verb, mengandung noun)
Joseph Henry, the first director of the Smithsonian Institute, was President Lincoln’s advisor on scientific matters.
= Joseph Henry, which was the first director of the Smithsonian Institute, was President Lincoln’s advisor on scientific matters.
Joseph Henry, yang adalah direktur pertama Institut Smithsonian, adalah penasehat Presiden Lincoln dalam hal-hal ilmiah.
= Joseph Henry, which was the first director of the Smithsonian Institute, was President Lincoln’s advisor on scientific matters.
Joseph Henry, yang adalah direktur pertama Institut Smithsonian, adalah penasehat Presiden Lincoln dalam hal-hal ilmiah.
6. The Wassatch Range, _____ extends from southeastern Idaho into northern Utah.
(A) which is a part of the Rocky Mountains,
(B) a part of the Rocky Mountains that
(C) is a part of the Rocky Mountains
(D) a part of the Rocky Mountains, it
(A) which is a part of the Rocky Mountains,
(B) a part of the Rocky Mountains that
(C) is a part of the Rocky Mountains
(D) a part of the Rocky Mountains, it
Jawaban yang paling tepat (A)
– The Wassatch Range = subject (noun)
– extends = verb
– Subject noun atau object noun bisa dijelaskan oleh relative clause
– A adalah relative clause yang lengkap: ada relative clause marker (which) dan ada verb (is)
– B-D tidak ada relative clause marker, tidak ada Verb ing atau Verb 3 setelah noun yang dijelaskan atau noun phrase saja untuk menjelaskan subject noun
– The Wassatch Range = subject (noun)
– extends = verb
– Subject noun atau object noun bisa dijelaskan oleh relative clause
– A adalah relative clause yang lengkap: ada relative clause marker (which) dan ada verb (is)
– B-D tidak ada relative clause marker, tidak ada Verb ing atau Verb 3 setelah noun yang dijelaskan atau noun phrase saja untuk menjelaskan subject noun
The Wassatch Range, which is a part of the Rocky Mountains, extends from southeastern Idaho into northern Utah
= The Wassatch Range, a part of the Rocky Mountains, extends from southeastern Idaho into northern Utah
= The Wassatch Range, a part of the Rocky Mountains, extends from southeastern Idaho into northern Utah
Wassatch Range, yang adalah bagian dari Pegunungan Rocky, membentang dari Idaho tenggara hingga Utah utara.
a part of the Rocky Mountains = appositive dari The Wassatch Range
a part of the Rocky Mountains = appositive dari The Wassatch Range
7. _____ Ruth St. Dennis turned to Asian dances to find inspiration for her choreography.
(A) It was the dancer
(B) The dancer
(C) That the dancer
(D) The dancer was
(A) It was the dancer
(B) The dancer
(C) That the dancer
(D) The dancer was
Jawaban yang paling tepat (B)
– Ruth St. Dennis = noun (subject)
– turned = verb
– Pilihan jawaban A-D berisi variasi penggunan noun (the dancer)
– Ada 2 kemungkinan (1) relative clause untuk menjelaskan subject noun (2) appositive untuk menjelaskan subject noun
– A-D tidak ada relative clause marker, jadi opsi (1) tidak mungkin => tinggal opsi appositive
– Appositive hanya berisi noun phrase saja => B
– Ruth St. Dennis = noun (subject)
– turned = verb
– Pilihan jawaban A-D berisi variasi penggunan noun (the dancer)
– Ada 2 kemungkinan (1) relative clause untuk menjelaskan subject noun (2) appositive untuk menjelaskan subject noun
– A-D tidak ada relative clause marker, jadi opsi (1) tidak mungkin => tinggal opsi appositive
– Appositive hanya berisi noun phrase saja => B
The dancer Ruth St. Dennis turned to Asian dances to find inspiration for her choreography.
= Ruth St. Dennis, the dancer , turned to Asian dances to find inspiration for her choreography.
= Ruth St. Dennis, which is the dancer , turned to Asian dances to find inspiration for her choreography.
Ruth St. Dennis, yang adalah penari, berpaling ke tari-tarian Asia untuk mencari inspirasi untuk koreografinya.
= Ruth St. Dennis, the dancer , turned to Asian dances to find inspiration for her choreography.
= Ruth St. Dennis, which is the dancer , turned to Asian dances to find inspiration for her choreography.
Ruth St. Dennis, yang adalah penari, berpaling ke tari-tarian Asia untuk mencari inspirasi untuk koreografinya.
8. The organs of taste are the _____ which are mainly located on the tongue.
(A) groups of cells, are taste buds
(B) taste buds, are groups of cells
(C) taste buds, these are groups of cells
(D) taste buds, groups of cells
(A) groups of cells, are taste buds
(B) taste buds, are groups of cells
(C) taste buds, these are groups of cells
(D) taste buds, groups of cells
Jawaban yang paling tepat (D)
– The organs of taste = subject
– are = verb
– Pilihan A-D berisi variasi dari 2 noun phrase (tasts buds dan groups of cells)
– Noun phrase bisa dijelaskan oleh (1) relative clause atau (2) appositive (noun phrase lain)
– Pilihan A-D tidak ada relative marker => appositive (1 noun phrase menjelaskan noun phrase tanpa relative clause marker dan verb)
– The organs of taste = subject
– are = verb
– Pilihan A-D berisi variasi dari 2 noun phrase (tasts buds dan groups of cells)
– Noun phrase bisa dijelaskan oleh (1) relative clause atau (2) appositive (noun phrase lain)
– Pilihan A-D tidak ada relative marker => appositive (1 noun phrase menjelaskan noun phrase tanpa relative clause marker dan verb)
The organs of taste are the taste buds, groups of cells which are mainly located on the tongue.
= The organs of taste are the taste buds, which are groups of cells which are mainly located on the tongue.
Organ-organ perasa adalah pengecap pada lidah, yang adalah kelompok sel yang utamanya terletak di lidah.
= The organs of taste are the taste buds, which are groups of cells which are mainly located on the tongue.
Organ-organ perasa adalah pengecap pada lidah, yang adalah kelompok sel yang utamanya terletak di lidah.
9. In 1878 Frederick W Taylor invented a concept called scientific management, ______ of obtaining as much efficiency from workers and machines as possible.
(A) it is a method
(B) a method which
(C) a method
(D) called a method
(A) it is a method
(B) a method which
(C) a method
(D) called a method
Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
– Frederick W Taylor = noun (subject)
– invented = verb
– scientific management = noun (object)
– Pilihan A-D adalah varisai penggunaan noun (a method) setelah object noun
– Noun phrase bisa dijelaskan oleh (1) relative clause atau (2) appositive (noun phrase lain)
– B salah karena relative clause marker harusnya berada di awal (langsung setelah noun object)
– A,B dan D salah karena tidak ada relative clause marker dan bukan appositive
– Frederick W Taylor = noun (subject)
– invented = verb
– scientific management = noun (object)
– Pilihan A-D adalah varisai penggunaan noun (a method) setelah object noun
– Noun phrase bisa dijelaskan oleh (1) relative clause atau (2) appositive (noun phrase lain)
– B salah karena relative clause marker harusnya berada di awal (langsung setelah noun object)
– A,B dan D salah karena tidak ada relative clause marker dan bukan appositive
In 1878 Frederick W Taylor invented a concept called scientific management, a method of obtaining as much efficiency from workers and machines as possible.
= In 1878 Frederick W Taylor invented a concept called scientific management, which was a method of obtaining as much efficiency from workers and machines as possible.
Pada tahun 1878 Frederick W Taylor menciptakan sebuah konsep yang disebut manajemen ilmiah, yang adalah sebuah metode untuk mendapatkan efisiensi sebanyak mungkin dari pekerja dan mesin.
= In 1878 Frederick W Taylor invented a concept called scientific management, which was a method of obtaining as much efficiency from workers and machines as possible.
Pada tahun 1878 Frederick W Taylor menciptakan sebuah konsep yang disebut manajemen ilmiah, yang adalah sebuah metode untuk mendapatkan efisiensi sebanyak mungkin dari pekerja dan mesin.
10. A group of Shakers, _____ settled around Pleasant Hill, Kentucky, in 1805.
(A) members of a strict religious sect which
(B) whose members of a strict religious sect
(C) members of a strict religious sect,
(D) were members of a strict religious sect
(A) members of a strict religious sect which
(B) whose members of a strict religious sect
(C) members of a strict religious sect,
(D) were members of a strict religious sect
Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
– A group of Shakers = noun (subject)
– settled = verb
– Pilihan A-D adalah variasi penggunaan noun (members of a strict religious sect)
– Noun phrase bisa dijelaskan oleh (1) relative clause atau (2) appositive (noun phrase lain)
– A salah karena relative clause marker (which) tidak berada langsung setelah subject noun
– B salah karena ada relative clause marker (whose) tapi relative clausenya tidak memiliki verb (whose members of a strict religious sect = subject dari relative clause)
– D salah karena tidak ada relative clause marker dan ada verb
– A group of Shakers = noun (subject)
– settled = verb
– Pilihan A-D adalah variasi penggunaan noun (members of a strict religious sect)
– Noun phrase bisa dijelaskan oleh (1) relative clause atau (2) appositive (noun phrase lain)
– A salah karena relative clause marker (which) tidak berada langsung setelah subject noun
– B salah karena ada relative clause marker (whose) tapi relative clausenya tidak memiliki verb (whose members of a strict religious sect = subject dari relative clause)
– D salah karena tidak ada relative clause marker dan ada verb
A group of Shakers, members of a strict religious sect, settled around Pleasant Hill, Kentucky, in 1805.
= A group of Shakers, which was members of a strict religious sect, settled around Pleasant Hill, Kentucky, in 1805.
Sekelompok Shakers, yang adalah anggota dari sebuah sekte agama yang ketat, bermukim di sekitar Bukit Pleasant, Kentucky pada tahun 1805.
= A group of Shakers, which was members of a strict religious sect, settled around Pleasant Hill, Kentucky, in 1805.
Sekelompok Shakers, yang adalah anggota dari sebuah sekte agama yang ketat, bermukim di sekitar Bukit Pleasant, Kentucky pada tahun 1805.