Structure 11 Answers

1. Hills known as land islands, or salt domes, are ______ Louisiana’s marshlands.
(A) extremely interesting features of
(B) of extremely interesting features
(C) interesting extremely features of
(D) extremely interesting of features

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (A)
Hills known as land islands, or salt domes, are extremely interesting features of Louisiana’s marshlands
Bukit-bukit yang dikenal sebagai pulau-pulau daratan, atau kubah-kubah garam, adalah fitur yang sangat menarik dari kawasan rawa Lousiana.

Struktur dasar kalimat:

Subject = Hills known as land islands, or salt domes

Linking verb = are

Complement = extremely interesting features of Louisiana’s marshlands (noun phrase yang menjelaskan subject)

Urutan yang benar dalam noun phrase adalah:

extremely (adverb) + interesting (adjective) + features (noun) + of + Louisiana’s marshlands (object)

2. _____ of chamber music is the string quartet.
(A) The famous most form
(B) The most famous form
(C) The form most famous
(D) Most the form famous

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (B)
The most famous form of chamber music is the string quartet.
Bentuk musik kamar yang paling terkenal adalah kuartet gesek.
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik_kamarhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuartet_gesek

Pola kalimat dasar:

Urutan yang benar dalam noun phrase adalah:

the + most famous + form + of + chamber + music

3. Not until the seventeenth century ______ to measure the speed of light.
(A) did anyone even attempt
(B) anyone did even attempt
(C) did anyone attempt even
(D) did even attempt anyone

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (A)
Not until the seventeenth century did anyone even attempt to measure the speed of light.
= No one attempted to measure the speed of light until seventeenth century.
Tidak ada seorang pun yang mencoba mengukur kecepatan cahaya hingga abad ketujuh belas.

– ‘Not until’ di awal kalimat adalah pertanda ‘inversion’
– Pola inversion: Not until + time phrase + urutan kalimat tanya
– Not until the seventeenth century did anyone even attempt

4. Alfalfa is _____ for livestock.
(A) a primarily grown crop
(B) grown primarily a crop
(C) a crop grown primarily
(D) a grown crop primarily

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (C)
Alfalfa is a crop grown primarily for livestock.
Alfalfa adalah tanaman budidaya yang ditanam utamanya untuk hewan ternak.

Struktur dasar kalimat:

Subject = Alfalfa

Verb = is

Complement = a crop grown primarily for livestock

Urutan noun phrase yang benar:

a + crop + grown primarily for livestock

a crop grown primarily for livestock

= a crop which is grown primarily for livestock

5. The Franklin stove, which became common in the 1790’s, burned wood ______ an open fireplace.
(A) efficiently more than much
(B) much more efficiently than
(C) much more than efficiently
(D) more efficiently much than

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (B)
The Franklin stove, which became common in the 1790’s, burned wood much more efficiently than an open fireplace.
Kompor Franklin, yang menjadi lazim di tahun 1790-an, membakar kayu jauh lebih efisien dibandingkan dengan perapian terbuka.

Struktur dasar perbandingan:

Pola umum:

Dalam soal ini:

efficiently = adverb (menjelaskan burned)

more efficiently than = perbandingan tingkat yang lebih tinggi (comparative form)

an open fireplace = pembanding

Jadi maknanya:
The Franklin stove burned wood more efficiently than an open fireplace (did).

Much berfungsi sebagai intensifier (penguat) untuk comparative.
Contoh umum:

much better than

much more expensive than

much faster than

= jauh lebih efisien dibandingkan

6. Reinforced concrete is concrete that is strengthened by metal bars _____
(A) in it that are embedded
(B) embedded that are in it
(C) are that it embedded in
(D) that are embedded in it

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (D)
Reinforced concrete is concrete that is strengthened by metal bars that are embedded in it.
Beton bertulang adalah beton yang dikuatkan dengan batang besi yang ditanam di dalamnya.

Struktur dasar kalimat:

Reinforced concrete is concrete that is strengthened by metal bars

= main clause

that are embedded in it

= relative clause (menjelaskan “metal bars”):

Seluruh klausa menjelaskan apa itu reinforced concrete.

Pola relative clause:

that + are embedded in it

7. The type of clothing people wear tells others a lot about _____
(A) who they are
(B) are they who
(C) they are who
(D) who are they

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (A)
The type of clothing people wear tells others a lot about who they are.
Jenis pakaian yang dikenakan orang-orang memberitahu orang lain tentang siapa mereka.

Who they are adalah noun clause yang berfungsi sebagai objek dari preposition about.

Salah satu pola preposition:

about + who + they + are

Noun clause marker biasanya berupa kata tanya (who, what, where, when, why, how) dalam noun clause dia tidak mengekspresikan pertanyaan.

8. Most Southern states had set up primary school systems by the late eighteenth century, but only in New England _____ and open to all students.
(A) primary schools were free
(B) were primary schools free
(C) free were primary schools
(D) were free primary schools

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (B)
Most Southern states had set up primary school systems by the late eighteenth century, but only in New England were primary schools free and open to all students.
= Most Southern states had set up primary school systems by the late eighteenth century, but primary schools were free and open to all students only in New England.
Sebagian besar negara bagian di wilayah Selatan telah membuat sistem sekolah dasar pada abad ke-delapan belas, tapi hanya di New England sekolah-sekolah dasar gratis dan terbuka untuk semua siswa.

Dalam bahasa Inggris, jika adverb of place, time, atau frequency diletakkan di awal kalimat dan diawali kata pembatas seperti only, maka terjadi inversiion (pembalikan antara subject dan verb be).

Pola umum inversi:

Contoh:

Only then did I realize the truth.

Only after midnight was the door opened.

Only in New England were primary schools free. ✅

9. Fungi. ______ , do not produce chlorophyll.
(A) as such mushrooms
(B) mushrooms as such
(C) such as mushrooms
(D) mushrooms such as

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (C)
Fungi such as mushrooms, do not produce chlorophyll.
Fungi seperti jamur tidak memproduksi klorofil.

Such as digunakan untuk memberikan contoh dari kelompok yang baru disebutkan.

Pola umum:

Contoh:

Insects, such as bees and butterflies, help pollinate flowers.

Fungi, such as mushrooms, do not produce chlorophyll. ✅

10. Seldom _____ more than twenty minutes a night.
(A) sleep giraffes
(B) do giraffes sleep
(C) giraffes do sleep
(D) giraffes sleep

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (B)
Seldom do giraffes sleep more than twenty minutes a night.
= Giraffes seldom sleep more than twenty minutes a night.
Jerapah jarang tidur lebih dari 20 menit setiap malam.

Seldom berarti “jarang,” dan termasuk dalam kelompok negative adverbs seperti:

never, rarely, hardly, little, scarcely, at no time, only then, seldom

Ketika salah satu dari kata ini muncul di awal kalimat, maka bahasa Inggris formal (terutama tulisan akademik), terjadi inversion (pembalikan urutan kata kerja dan subjek).

Pola umum inversi negatif:

Seldon + do + giraffe + sleep