Structure 12 Answers

1. _____ of the early years of space exploration was the discovery of the Van Allen radiation belt in 1958.
(A) Perhaps the greatest triumph
(B) The triumph perhaps greatest
(C) The greatest perhaps triumph
(D) The triumph greatest perhaps

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (A)
Perhaps the greatest triumph of the early years of space exploration was the discovery of the Van Allen radiation belt in 1958.
Mungkin kemenangan terbesar dari tahun-tahun awal penjelajahan luar angkasa adalah penemuan sabuk radiasi Van Allen pada tahun 1958.

Perhaps (adverb) bisa digunakan dengan pola berikut:

Perhaps she is the right person for the job.

She is perhaps the right person for the job.

Kalimat soal mengikuti pola no. 1.

Perhaps the greatest triumph of the early years of space exploration was the discovery of the Van Allen radiation belt in 1958.
the greatest triumph of the early years of space exploration = subject

was = verb be

the discovery of the Van Allen radiation belt in 1958 = complement

2. Today _____ major new products without conducting elaborate market research.
(A) corporations hardly introduce ever
(8) hardly ever corporations introduce
(C) hardly ever introduce corporations
(D) corporations hardly ever introduce

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (D)
Today corporations hardly ever introduce major new products without conducting elaborate market research.
Saat ini perusahaan-perusahaan hampir tidak pernah memperkenalkan produk unggulan baru tanpa melakukan riset pemasaran yang lengkap.

Hardly (adverb) dan hardly ever (adverb phrase) digunakan dengan pola berikut:

Bentuk yang sesuai dengan pola di atas adalah (D)

corporations hardly ever introduce

3. Across the Chesapeake Bay from the rest of the state ______ , whose farms produce beans, tomatoes. and other garden vegetables.
(A) there lies Maryland’s Eastern Shore
(B) lies Maryland’s Eastern Shore
(C) Maryland’s Eastern Shore lies there
(D) Maryland’s Eastern Shore lies

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (B)
Across the Chesapeake Bay from the rest of the state lies Maryland’s Eastern Shore, whose farms produce beans, tomatoes. and other garden vegetables
= Maryland’s Eastern Shore ,whose farms produce beans, tomatoes. and other garden vegetables, lies across the Chesapeake Bay from the rest of the state.
Pantai Timur Maryland, yang lahan pertaniannya menghasilkan kacang, tomat dan sayur-sayuran lainnya, berada di seberang Teluk Chesapeake dari bagian lain negara bagian.

Pola kalimat ini menggunakan inversion (pembalikan urutan kata).

Biasanya urutan normal kalimat bahasa Inggris adalah:

subject + verb + adverb
Maryland’s Eastern Shore lies across the Chesapeake Bay.

Kalimat soal menggunakanbentuk:

adverb + verb + subject
Across the Chesapeake Bay lies Maryland’s Eastern Shore.

Ketika kalimat diawali oleh adverb of place (keterangan tempat), seperti:

here, there, at the corner, across the river, in the garden, dll
→ maka verb (kata kerja) bisa ditempatkan sebelum subject, terutama dalam kalimat deskriptif atau naratif untuk efek gaya dan penekanan lokasi.

Here comes the bus.

At the top of the hill stands an old castle.

Across the river is a small village.

4. Acidophilus bacteria are ______ in an acid medium.
(A) those that grow best
(8) those grow best that
(C) that those grow best
(D) grow best those that

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (A)
Acidophilus bacteria are those that grow best in an acid medium.
Bakteri acidophilus adalah bakteri-bakteri yang tumbuh paling baik di medium yang asam.

Pola kalimat:

Acidophilus bacteria = subject

are = verb be

those that grow best in an acid medium = complement

those = pronoun menggantikan bacteria

those that grow best in an acid medium

= bacteria that grow best in acid medium

Ini bentuk dan relative clause yang benar.

Pola relative clause:

those + that + grow + best in an acid medium

5. _____ of great apes, the gibbon is the smallest.
(A) Four of the types
(B) The four of types
(C) Four types of the
(D) Of the four types

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (D)
Of the four types of great apes, the gibbon is the smallest.
Dari empat jenis kera besar, gibon adalah yang paling kecil.

Kalimat soal mengikuti pola ini:

Of + the + four + types of great apes, the gibbon is the smallest.

Pola ini digunakan untuk perbandingan atau kelompok tertentu dari keseluruhan.

Of the three brothers, John is the tallest.

Of the many problems we faced, this was the hardest.

Of the four types of great apes, the gibbon is the smallest.

6. It is difficult _____ through swamps because of tangled roots and shallow waterways.
(A) to navigate even for small boats
(B) for even small boats to navigate
(C) even small boats for to navigate
(D) even to navigate for small boats

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (B)
It is difficult for even small boats to navigate through swamps because of tangled roots and shallow waterways.
Sulit bahkan bagi kapal kecil untul menavigasi melalui rawa karena akar-akar yang berkelindan dan perairan yang dangkal.

Kalimat soal mengikuti pola ini:

Pola ini biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa sesuatu sulit / mudah / penting / mungkin dilakukan oleh seseorang atau sesuatu.

It is easy for children to learn languages.

It is important for you to listen carefully.

It is difficult for small boats to navigate.

7. A lodestone is _____
(A) an occurring naturally magnet
(B) a magnet naturally occurring
(C) naturally a magnet occurring
(D) a naturally occurring magnet

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (D)
A lodestone is a naturally occurring magnet
Batu magnet adalah magnet yang terjadi secara alamiah.

Kalimat soal menggunakan pola ini:

A lodestone + is + complement

Complement bisa berupa:

- noun

- noun phrase

- noun clause

Noun phrase bisa dibentuk dengan pola:

a + naturally + occurring + magnet

an + extremely + amazing + book

two + very + interesting + topics

8. So complicated ____ that consumers who use a product are seldom aware of where all its components come from.
(A) today trade is international
(B) today international trade is
(C) is international trade today
(D) international trade is today

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (C)
So complicated is international trade today that consumers who use a product are seldom aware of where all its components come from.
= International trade today is so complicated that consumers who use a product are seldom aware of where all its components come from.
Perdagangan internasional saat ini begitu rumit bahkan konsumen yang menggunakan sebuah produk jarang menyadari dari mana komponen-komponennya berasal.

Kalimat soal menggunakan pola inversion (pembalikan) berikut:

So + complicated + is + international trade today + that + consumers who use a product + are seldom aware of where all its components come from.

Contoh kalimat yang lebih sederhana:

So beautiful was the view that we stayed longer.
→ (Normal: The view was so beautiful that we stayed longer.)

So fast did he run that nobody could catch him.
→ (Normal: He ran so fast that nobody could catch him.)

9. The snow bunting is _____ winter birds in Canada.
(A) one most of the common
(B) the most common one of
(C) one of the most common
(D) the one of most common

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (C)
The snow bunting is one of the most common winter birds in Canada.
Burung bunting salju adalah salah satu burung musim salju yang paling umum di Kanada.

Kalimat soal menggunakan pola ini:

The snow bunting + is + complement

Complement bisa berupa:

- noun

- noun phrase

- noun clause

Noun phrase bisa dibentuk dengan pola:

one of + the + most common + winter birds

10. Nashville has _____ the capital of country music.
(A) as long been known
(B) been known long as
(C) long been known as
(D) long as been known

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (C)
Nashville has long been known as the capital of country music.
Nashville sudah lama dikenal sebagai ibu kota musik country.

Kalimat soal menggunakan present perfect tense dengan modifikasi.

Pola kalimat aktif:

I + have + invited + him.

Aku sudah mengundang dia.

Pola kalimat pasif:

I + have + been + invited

Aku sudah diundang.

Pola kalimat pasif dengan tambahan adverb:

I + have + always + been + invited

Aku selalu diundang (selama ini)

Kalimat soal menggunakan pola terakhir:

Nashville + has + long + been + known as …